adverse childhood experiences, difficult socioeconomic status), 25 family history of psychopathology, 26 pre-existing psychopathology 27 and peritraumatic experiences 28, 29. 24 Environmental risk factors for psychopathology include PPTE and stressors (e.g.
23 Environmental factors, individual differences in psychological variables and individual differences in physiological variables have also been posited as risk factors for psychopathology. extroversion, conscientiousness), 18 hope, 19 distress tolerance, 20 optimism, 21 interpersonal supports 22 and positive life activities (e.g. Individual differences that have been posited as resilience factors for psychopathology include some personality traits (i.e. The researchers recommended future programs target specific modifiable individual differences.
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6, 10 A particularly large, robustly designed trial with serving PSP compared psychoeducation to resilience training focussed on stress reduction and mindfulness, 17 but found no statistically significant differences between the treatment groups. 6, 13 The limited research suggests the extant programs produce small, time-limited, highly variable benefits, 7, 8, 10, 14, 15 likely due to low fidelity of delivery 16 and limited specification of the mechanisms of action for mitigating PTSI. 12 Most studies of PTSI among PSP use cross-sectional data with short follow-up periods and assess very small subsets of variables posited as important. 5- 11Ĭontemporary programs designed to support PSP mental health focus on increasing knowledge, reducing stigma and increasing help-seeking behaviours.
4ĭespite commitments to support PSP mental health and widespread efforts involving implementations of different interventions, evidence for effective programs designed to support PSP mental health remains extremely limited. ideation, planning, attempts ) or during their lifetimes (i.e. 3 Many have reported suicidal behaviours during the past year (i.e. major depressive disorder, panic disorder) half (50.2%) screened positive for one or more mental health conditions. 3 determined that a very high percentage of RCMP officers screened positive for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or other posttraumatic stress injuries (PTSI e.g. Using self-reported symptoms (based on validated measures, but not structured clinical interviews) of surveyed Canadian PSP, Carleton et al. Public safety personnel (PSP), including border services personnel, correctional workers, firefighters, operational and intelligence personnel, paramedics, police officers, public safety communicators, and search and rescue personnel, “ensure the safety and security of Canadians.” 1 Of all Canadian PSP, Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) report the highest average number of exposures to potentially psychologically traumatic events (PPTEs), often more than 11 exposures to each type of PPTE. The RCMP Study results are expected to benefit the mental health of all participants, RCMP and PSP by reducing PTSI among all who serve. Participants in the STC (nÂ=Â480) and ATC (nÂ=Â480) are assessed before and after training and annually for 5 years on their deployment date they also complete brief monthly and daily surveys. The RCMP Study has been designed to (1) develop, deploy and assess the impact of a system for ongoing annual, monthly and daily evidence-based assessments (2) evaluate associations between demographic variables and PTSI (3) longitudinally assess individual differences associated with PTSI (4) augment the RCMP Cadet Training Program with skills to proactively mitigate PTSI and (5)Âassess the impact of the augmented training condition (ATC) versus the standard training condition (STC). In this protocol paper, we describe the RCMP Study, part of the concerted efforts by the RCMP to reduce PTSI by improving access to evidence-based assessments, treatments and training as well as participant recruitment and RCMP Study developments to date. Addressing PTSI is impeded by the limited available research.
The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), like all public safety personnel (PSP), are frequently exposed to potentially psychologically traumatic events that contribute to posttraumatic stress injuries (PTSI).
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